{"product_id":"primex-preworkout","title":"PRIME(X) - PreWorkout","description":"\u003cmeta content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\" name=\"viewport\"\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e\u003c!--\n.accordion {\n  background-color: #ce484f;\n  color: #000;\n  cursor: pointer;\n  padding: 10px;\n  width: 100%;\n  border: solid thin;\n  text-align: left;\n  outline: solid thin;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  transition: 0.7s;\n}\n\n.active, .accordion:hover {\n  background-color: #f2d9d9; \n}\n\n.panel {\n  padding: 0 18px;\n  display: none;\n  background-color: f2d9d9;\n  overflow: hidden;\n}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePRIME(X) is a preworkout supplement that helps increase strength performance, endurance, and energy, and increases blood flow to the muscles via nitric oxide production.\u003cspan class=\"oui-sup\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e†\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat's Inside?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 L-Citrulline DL-Malate 2:1 - 8000MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased blood flow ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased training volume ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased power output ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased aerobic exercise capacity ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreased fatigue ⬇\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitrulline is an amino acid which, when supplemented, promotes increased nitric oxide (NO) production as byproduct of the urea cycle. Citrulline functions in this pathway as a direct precursor to the amino acid arginine, but posesses superior bioavailability, making it a more efficient nitric oxide booster. Citrulline-Malate is a combination of Citrulline with malic acid which further increases the bioavailability and absorption of Citrulline. Increased NO production leads to vasodilation along with the aforementioned performance benefits.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/nitric-oxide-boosters\"\u003eRead more about Nitric Oxide Boosters!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAnnotated References:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined twenty-two trained males who consumed 2.4 g\/day of L-Citrulline for 7 days, and on day 8 they consumed 2.4 g of L-Citrulline 1 hour before a 4-km cycling race.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompared to the placebo group, the group supplementing with L-Citrulline had significantly increased plasma L-Arginine levels leading to more nitric oxide production.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe L-Citrulline group had completed the race in significantly faster times than the placebo group, while also being able to exert a higher power output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubjective reports of muscle fatigue after the race were also lower for the L-Citrulline group.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/oral_citrulline_supplementation_enhances_cycling_time_trial_performance_in_healthy_trained_men.png?v=1651163216\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuzuki T, Morita M, Kobayashi Y, Kamimura A. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Feb 19;13:6. doi: 10.1186\/s12970-016-0117-z.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12970-016-0117-z\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 L-citrulline-malate influence over branched chain amino acid utilization during exercise.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined 17 voluntary male pre-professional cyclists randomly assigned to either placebo or L-citrulline-malate groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects participated in a 137-km cycling race, and blood samples were taken at basal level, 15 minutes after the race, and after 3 hours of recovery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe group that received 6 grams of L-citrulline-malate before the race had significantly increased plasma levels of citrulline, arginine, ornithine, urea, creatinine, and nitrite, indicating enhanced use of branched chain amino acids during exercise, and enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe L-citrulline-malate group also had a higher increase in growth hormone after the race.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/l-citrulline-malate_influence_over_branched_chain_amino_acid_utilization_during_exercise.png?v=1651419414\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSureda A, Córdova A, Ferrer MD, Pérez G, Tur JA, Pons A. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Sep;110(2):341-51. doi: 10.1007\/s00421-010-1509-4.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-010-1509-4\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Acute effects of Nitrosigine® and citrulline malate on vasodilation in young adults.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of Nitrosigine (Arginine) and Citrulline-Malate on vasodilation using ultrasound and flow mediated dilation (FMD).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn this randomized, double blind study, 24 healthy and active adults (16 males and 8 females) reposrted for three seperate trials to measure vasodilation, each preceded by a 7-day washout period.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaseline FMD was measured following supplementation of either 8g Citrulline-Malate, 1.5g Nitrosigine (arginine), or 8g placebo (dextrose).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCitrulline-malate supplementation resulted in the largest average increase in FMD (25%) compared to 23% for the Nitrosigine group, and -2% for the placebo group.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis increase in vasodilation is indicative of increased skeletal muscle blood flow which results in potential improvements in exercise performance and recovery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/acute_effects_of_nitrosigine_and_citrulline_malate_on_vasodilation_in_young_adults.png?v=1651419596\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRogers JM, Gills J, Gray M. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2020 Feb 24;17(1):12. doi: 10.1186\/s12970-020-00343-y.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/jissn.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12970-020-00343-y\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined the effects of a single dose of Citrulline-Malate on the performance of flat barbell bench press for 41 male subjects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe participants ingested 8 grams of Citrulline-Malate or a placebo 1 hour before the workout. The subjects' resistance was tested using a reps-to-failure test at 80% of their 1 repetition maximum weight for 8 total sets of bench press. (4 sets at the beginning of a chest workout, and 4 sets at the end.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Citrulline-malate group increased number of reps performed across 8 total sets, and achieved 52% more repetitions than the placebo group in the last set of the workout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Citrulline-malate group also reported decreased feeling of muscle soreness up to 48 hours post workout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/citrulline_malate_enhances_atheltic_anaerobic_performance_and_relives_muscel_soreness.png?v=1651420454\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1215-22. doi: 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/Fulltext\/2010\/05000\/Citrulline_Malate_Enhances_Athletic_Anaerobic.9.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 Creatine Monohydrate - 5000MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases power output ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases anaerobic exercise capacity ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases lean mass ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCreatine is an amino acid which, when supplemented, leads to increased intramuscluar creatine content in the form of phosphocreatine. High levels of phosphocreatine in the muscles promotes ATP regeneration for faster energy production during high intensity exercise. This efficient energy production ultimately results in increased workout volume and performance intensity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/creatine\"\u003eRead more about Creatine Monohydrate!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAnnotated References:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levels.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis goal of this study was to examine how a seven-week supplementation regimen of creatine paired with resistance training affected body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength and power, and serum and muscle creatine levels in 30 non-resistance-trained males\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn this double-blind experiment, participants were randomly assigned to either Creatine Monohydrate (CRT), Creatine Ethyl Ester (CEE), or maltodextrose placebo (PLA) groups. The participants underwent a loading phase of 20 grams\/day for 5 days followed by 5 grams\/day for 42 days.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThroughout the study, total serum and muscle creatine levels were higher in the CRT group compared to placebo and CEE, confirming previous research showing that Creatine monohydrate is the superious form of creatine supplementation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/the_effects_of_creatine_ethyl_ester_supplementation_combined_with_heavy_resistance_training.png?v=1651441724\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpillane M, Schoch R, Cooke M, Harvey T, Greenwood M, Kreider R, Willoughby DS. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009 Feb 19;6:6. doi: 10.1186\/1550-2783-6-6.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/jissn.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1550-2783-6-6\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Effects of creatine monohydrate and polyethylene glycosylated creatine supplementation on muscular strength, endurance, and power output.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Creatine Monohydrate and polyethylene glycosylated (PEG) creatine on muscular strength, endurance, and power output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe study examined 58 healthy men who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups; placebo (PL = 3.6 grams of cellulose), CM (5 grams of creatime monohydrate), small dose PEG creatine (1.25 grams), or moderate dose PEG creatine (2.4 grams).(\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTest results were compared before and after a 30-day supplementation period.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCreatime Monohydrate supplementation resulted in the biggest improvements across the board, including vertical jump height, peak and mean power output, 1 repetition maximums on bench press and leg press, and repetitions to failure on bench press and leg press.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/effects_of_creatine_monohydrate_and_polyethylene_glycosylated_creatine_supp.png?v=1651442840\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e \u003cpherda doi:=\"\" may=\"\" res=\"\" cond=\"\" strength=\"\" j=\"\" jt=\"\" cramer=\"\" jr=\"\" stout=\"\" mj=\"\" hartman=\"\" aa=\"\" walter=\"\" ae=\"\" smith=\"\" ed=\"\" ryan=\"\" tw=\"\" beck=\"\" tj=\"\"\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/Fulltext\/2009\/05000\/Effects_of_Creatine_Monohydrate_and_Polyethylene.17.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003c\/pherda\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 Beta-Alanine - 4000MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases muscular endurance and stamina ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases muscular performance in the 60-240 second range ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases anaerobic exercise capacity and, secondarily, lean mass, while reducing fatigue ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduces fatigue ⬇\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeta-Alanine is an amino acids which, when supplemented pairs with the amino acid Histidine to form Carnosine. As a result, increased serum and muscle Carnosine levels act as a buffer to the build-up of lactic acid in muscles. This allows for better exercise performance over time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/beta-alanine\"\u003eRead more about Beta-Alanine!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAnnotated References:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue and ventilatory threshold in women. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined the efects of Beta-Alanine supplementation on physical work capacity, ventilatory threshold, maximal oxygen consumption, and time to exhaustion on an incremental cycle ergometry test.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e22 women were randomly assigned to groups of Beta-Alanine (6.4 grams\/day divided into 4 doses) or placebo supplementation for 28 days and tested before and after supplementation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe women supplementing with Beta-Alanine had significantly improved their physical capacity, ventilatory thershold, and time to exhaustion compared to the placebo group.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/effects_of_beta-alanine_supplementation_on_the_onset_of_neuromuscular_fatigue.png?v=1651453702\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStout JR, Cramer JT, Zoeller RF, Torok D, Costa P, Hoffman JR, Harris RC, O'Kroy J. Amino Acids. 2007;32(3):381-6. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-006-0474-z.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00726-006-0474-z\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance and body composition in collegiate wrestlers and football players. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined the effectiveness of Beta-Alanine as an ergogenic aid in tests of anaerobic power output after 8 weeks of training in 37 collegiate wrestlers (WR) and football (FB) players.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a double-blind manner, the subjects ingested either Beta-Alanine (4 grams\/day) or placebo, and were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in a timed 300-yard shuttle, a 90° flexed-arm hang, and body composition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhile the results were not statistically significant, the beta-alanine groups for both wrestlers and football players had improved their performance on all the tests, with performance improvements being greatest for the football players.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/effects_of_beta-alanine_supplementation_on_performance_and_body_composisition_in_collegiate_wrestlers_and_football_players.png?v=1651454930\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKern BD, Robinson TL. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Jul;25(7):1804-15. doi: 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e741cf.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/Fulltext\/2011\/07000\/Effects_of___Alanine_Supplementation_on.5.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn this meta-analysis, a comprehansive search of literature was emplyed to gather as much reliable information about the ergogenic effects of Beta-Alanine as a performance supplement.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFifteen published manuscripts were includde in this analysis, reporting on the results of 57 different measures across 23 exercise tests usine 18 supplementation regimes on a total of 360 participants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results indicate thet Beta-Alanine supplementation is most effective at improving performance in the 60-240 second range of exercise, while also improving performance at longer times compared to a placebo.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/effects_of_beta-alanine_supplementation_on_exercise_performance_a_meta-analysis.png?v=1651455886\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHobson RM, Saunders B, Ball G, Harris RC, Sale C. Amino Acids. 2012 Jul;43(1):25-37. doi: 10.1007\/s00726-011-1200-z.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00726-011-1200-z\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃Important role of muscle carnosine in rowing performance. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study aimed to investigate if athlete performance is related to muscle carnosine content, and if Beta-Alanine supplementation improves performance in elite rowers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e18 elite Belgian rowers supplemented for 7 weeks with Beta-Alanine (5 grams\/day) or placebo and were evaluated before and after treatment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFundamentally, there was a positive correlation of muscle carnosine concentration with the rowers' speeds at 100m, 500m, 2000m, and 6000m.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe rowers who supplemented with Beta-Alanine had 45% higher carnosine concentration in the soleus muscle, and 28% higher concentrations in the gastronemius muscle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Beta-Alanine group was 4.3 seconds faster than the placebo group in a 2000m race, while they were actually 0.3 seconds slower before supplementation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/important_role_of_muscle_carnosine_in_rowing_performance.png?v=1651456633\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBaguet A, Bourgois J, Vanhee L, Achten E, Derave W. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Oct;109(4):1096-101. doi: 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2010.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00141.2010\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 Beetroot - 3000MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases blood flow ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases training volume ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases power output.⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases aerobic exercise capacity ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreases fatigue ⬇\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeetroots are a natural dietary source of high nitrate (NO3) content. When ingested, nitrates (NO3) get reduced sequentially to nitrites (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, supplementation of dietary nitrates increases levels of nitric oxide (NO) leading to increased vasodilation and all the associated performance benefits of better blood flow.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/nitric-oxide-boosters\"\u003eRead more about Nitric Oxide Boosters!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAnnotated References:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined the dose-response relationship between the volume of beetroot juice ingested and its physiological effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e10 male subjects ingested 70, 140, or 280 mL of beetroot juice (containing 4.2-16.8 mmol of NO3), or NO3-depleted juice as a placebo.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects' resting plasma NO2 and NO3 levels were evaluated over 24 hours, and the results show a direct dose-dependent increase in plasma NO3 and NO2 concentrations following beetroot juice supplementation for 24 hours, indicating an increase in Nitric Oxide levels compared to the placebo groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects were also subjected to intense cycling exercise tests on seperate occasiond after suplmentation of beetroot juice or placebo, and showed the same dose-dependent response to beetroot juice.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results also showed a 12-14% increse in time to exhaustion for the beetroot group, while actually decreasing their steady-state oxygen uptake. This indicates an incresed efficiency of oxygen utilization after beetroot supplementation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/beetroot_juice_and_exercise-_pharmacodynamic_and_dose-response_relationships.png?v=1651459655\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Skiba PF, Winyard PG, Jeukendrup AE, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Aug 1;115(3):325-36. doi: 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00372.2013.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.physiology.org\/doi\/full\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00372.2013\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves cycling time trial performance.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study investigated the effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on power output, VO2, and performance during 4 km and 16.1 km cycling time trials.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e9 elite male cyclists were assigned randomly to consume either 500 mL of beetroot juice or a nitrate-depleted placebo juice before completing either 4 km or 16.1 km time trials.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe group consuming beetroot juice significantly increased the mean power output during both 4 km and 16.1 km races. Beetroot juice supplementation also resulted in a 2.8% performance increase in the 4 km race, and a 2.7% performance increase in the 16.1 km race.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/acute_effects_of_nitrosigine_and_citrulline_malate_on_vasodilation_in_young_adults_0489915d-ffc9-44f9-a84d-5c4b4053c452.png?v=1651461434\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLansley KE, Winyard PG, Bailey SJ, Vanhatalo A, Wilkerson DP, Blackwell JR, Gilchrist M, Benjamin N, Jones AM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jun;43(6):1125-31. doi: 10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821597b4.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/acsm-msse\/Fulltext\/2011\/06000\/Acute_Dietary_Nitrate_Supplementation_Improves.27.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 Taurine - 2000MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves cellular hydration ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves blood flow ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves anaerobic exercise capacity ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTaurine is an amino acid which acts as an osmolyte and regulates hydration on a cellular level. As such, it improves arterial elasticity and vital organ reactivity to high levels of external stimulation, which results in performance benefits reminiscent of optimal hydration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/taurine\"\u003eRead more about Taurine!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 Caffeine - 150MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases power output and training volume ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreses blood pressure, heart rate, and fat oxidation ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases alertness ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreases rating of perceived exertion (RPE) ⬇\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/caffeine-theanine\"\u003eRead more about Caffeine!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaffeine is a naturally occuring nootropic compound which as an analogue of adenosine, competitively binding to adenosine receptors in the central nervous system, thereby masking their signal for fatigue and tiredness. This biochemical effect promotes a wakeful state of mind, and also increasing adrenaline and cortisol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAnnotated References:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Caffeine and sprinting performance: dose responses and efficacy. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe goal of this study was to evalate the dose-dependent effects of caffeine supplementation on sprint cycling performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e17 trained male subjects were used in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects completed 7 maximal effort 10-second sprints on a cycle ergometer after being given a capsule containing either caffeine or a gelatin placebo. The caffeine doses given ranged from 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg\/kg bodyweight (140mg-680mg for a 150 lbs person).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThere was no significant improvement in power output at any dose of caffeine compared to the placebo group, although there was a trend of faster time to peak power with caffeine supplementation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/caffeine_and_sprinting_performance_-_dose_responses_and_efficacy.jpg?v=1651539807\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlaister M, Patterson SD, Foley P, Pedlar CR, Pattison JR, McInnes G. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Apr;26(4):1001-5. doi: 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31822ba300.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/nsca-jscr\/Fulltext\/2012\/04000\/Caffeine_and_Sprinting_Performance__Dose_Responses.17.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Caffeine ingestion reverses the circadian rhythm effects on neuromuscular performance in highly resistance-trained men.\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether caffeine is able to counteract the morning reduction in neuromuscular performance associated with the circadian rhythm pattern.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12 resistence-trained men were subjected to a battery of neuromuscular tests under three different conditions; 10:00 AM with caffeine ingestion @ 3 mg\/kg (~210 mg for a 150 lbs person), 10:00 AM with placebo ingestion, and 6:00 PM with placebo ingestion.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects were tested on their bar displacement velocity during squats and bench press for power and strength, and isometric voluntary and electrically evoked contraction of their quadriceps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results show that Caffeine supplementation increased the AM group's performance to levels consistent with the PM placebo group.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaffeine supplementation also resulted in higher increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine post-exercise.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThese results conclude that caffeine supplementation may give a significant neuromuscular performance advantage during early morning workouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/Caffeine_ingestion_reverses_the_circadian_rhythm_effects_on_neuromuscular_performance_in_highly_resistance-trained_men.png?v=1651545824\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMora-Rodríguez R, García Pallarés J, López-Samanes Á, Ortega JF, Fernández-Elías VE. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33807. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0033807.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0033807\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Dose response effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on muscle performance: a repeated measures design. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study aimed to determine the effects of two different doses of caffeine on muscle performance in 12 active participants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects ingested caffeine at either 1 or 3 mg\/kg of bodyweight (70mg or 210mg for a 150 lbs person) or a caffeine-free placebo before being tested on half-squat and bench-press power production with loads ranging from 10% to 100% of their 1 repetition maximum.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower output was increased by the higher dose of caffeine compared to placebo, but not by the lower dose.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/Dose_response_effects_of_a_caffeine-containing_energy_drink_on_muscle_performance_-_a_repeated_measures_design..png?v=1651546003\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Del Coso J, Salinero JJ, González-Millán C, Abián-Vicén J, Pérez-González B. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 May 8;9(1):21. doi: 10.1186\/1550-2783-9-21.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/jissn.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1550-2783-9-21\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Caffeine supplementation and multiple sprint running performance. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of caffeine supplementation on sprint running performance in 21 physically active men.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects ingested a capsule containing either caffeine at 5mg\/kg bodyweight (350mg for 150 lbs person) or a maltodextrin placebo before completing a multiple sprint running trial (12 x 30 meters, repeated at 35 second intevals).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCaffeine supplementation resulted in 1.4% resuction in sprint times at best, and also resulted in 3.4-bpm incresae in mean heart rate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/caffeine_supplementation_and_multiple_sprint_performance.png?v=1651546619\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Glaister M, Howatson G, Abraham CS, Lockey RA, Goodwin JE, Foley P, McInnes G. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Oct;40(10):1835-40. doi: 10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31817a8ad2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/acsm-msse\/Fulltext\/2008\/10000\/Caffeine_Supplementation_and_Multiple_Sprint.17.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Caffeine ingestion, affect and perceived exertion during prolonged cycling. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined caffeine's effects on affective states during prolonged exercise.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e12 endurance-trained male cylists performed 90 minutes of exercise at 70% VO2max after ingesting 6 mg\/kg of caffeine (425mg for 150 lbs person) or placebo.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResults showed that both pleasure ratings and ratings of perceived exertion were more favorable in the caffeine group overall, though the magnitude of these effects was minimal to moderate at best.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/caffeine_ingestion_affect_and_perceived_exertion_during_prolonged_cycling.png?v=1651548223\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBackhouse SH, Biddle SJ, Bishop NC, Williams C. Appetite. 2011 Aug;57(1):247-52. doi: 10.1016\/j.appet.2011.05.304.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0195666311004612?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Association of the anxiogenic and alerting effects of caffeine with ADORA2A and ADORA1 polymorphisms and habitual level of caffeine consumption. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study investigated the anxiogenic effects of caffeine consumption on people with genetic predisposition to anxiety, as well as the effect's dependence on habitual levels of caffeine consumption.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe subjects consisted of 162 non\/low (NL) caffeine comsumers and 217 medium\/high (MH) caffeine consumers. The subjects rated their anxiety, alertness, and headaches before and after 100mg caffeine and again after 150mg caffeine 90 minutes later, of after two placebo doses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results confirmed the genetic connection between participants with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the adenosine receptors, and also showed increased anxiety from caffeine in low habitual caffeine consumers independent of their genotype.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/association_of_the_anxiogenic_and_alerting_effects_of_caffeine.png?v=1651548878\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRogers PJ, Hohoff C, Heatherley SV, Mullings EL, Maxfield PJ, Evershed RP, Deckert J, Nutt DJ. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Aug;35(9):1973-83. doi: 10.1038\/npp.2010.71.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/npp201071\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e💢 L-Theanine - 150MG\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerformance Breakdown:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases relaxation without drowsiness ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases attention and focus, especially in combination with caffeine ⬆\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecreases stress and anxiety, and increases sleep quality ⬇\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL-Theanine is an amino acid and main active ingredient found in green tea and black tea which synergistically works alongside caffeine to promote favorable stimulatory effects while hindering unwanted side effects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/destinyformulations.com\/pages\/caffeine-theanine\"\u003eRead more about L-Theanine!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAnnotated References:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study examined the effects of L-theainne on attention and reactiontime response in 18 normal and healthy college students divided into two groups referred to as high anxiety propensity and minimal anxiety propensity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoth groups received L-theanine (200mg\/100mL water) and placebo (100mL water) in a double blind repeated testing of visual attention tasks as well as sudio response tests. Assesments performed 15 to 60 minutes after treatment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results show that L-theanine had a greater effect in increasing the correct response ration for people with high anxiety, and less so in people with minimal anxiety. L-theanine also improved reaction time to response.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/Effects_of_l-theanine_on_attention_and_reaction_time_response.png?v=1651550975\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e• Akiko Higashiyama, Hla Hla Htay, Makoto Ozeki, Lekh R. Juneja, Mahendra P. Kapoor. Journal of Functional Foods. Volume 3, Issue 3. 2011 Pages 171-178, ISSN 1756-4646. doi:10.1016\/j.jff.2011.03.009.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1756464611000351?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. \u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study investigated the acute cognitive and mood effects of L-theanine (250mg) and caffeine (150mg), in isolation and in combination on 24 healthy subjects.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTesting was done on two seperate occasions 7 days apart to examine cognitive effects and mood.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results show the best performance improvements from the combine L-theanine and caffeine consumption in reaction time, accuracy measures, and word recognition. Combination of L-theanine with caffeine also results in reduced feelings of tiredness and headach, with increased alertness.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/The_effects_of_L-theanine_caffeine_and_their_combination_on_cognition_and_mood.png?v=1651551827\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Biol Psychol. 2008 Feb;77(2):113-22. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2007.09.008.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0301051107001573?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"accordion\"\u003e📃 L-theanine and caffeine in combination affect human cognition as evidenced by oscillatory alpha-band activity and attention task performance\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThis study investigated the efects of both L-theanine and caffeine, seperately or together, on behavioral and electrophysiological indices of tonic (background) and phasic (event-related) visuospatial attentional deployment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubjects underwent 4 days of testing, ingesting either placebo, 100mg L-theanine, 50mg caffeine, or both L-theanine and caffeine combined. The testing consisted of cued shifts of attention to the left or right visual in anticipation of an imperative stimulus requiring discrimination.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe results shows the highest hit rates and discriminatory indexes in the combine L-theanine and caffeine group.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrophysiological readings showed lower overall tonic alpha brain waves in the L-theanine + caffeine group, indicating deployment of attentional resources to the visual modality which may underlie the improved performance measures.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/files\/L-theanine_and_caffeine_in_combination_affect_human_cognition_as_evidenced_by_oscillatory_alpha-band_activity_and_attention_task_performance.png?v=1651552047\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKelly SP, Gomez-Ramirez M, Montesi JL, Foxe JJ. J Nutr. 2008 Aug;138(8):1572S-1577S. doi: 10.1093\/jn\/138.8.1572S.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article\/138\/8\/1572S\/4750819?login=false\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRead the full study here!\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cscript\u003e\nvar acc = document.getElementsByClassName(\"accordion\");\nvar i;\n\nfor (i = 0; i \u003c acc.length; i++) {\n  acc[i].addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\n    this.classList.toggle(\"active\");\n    var panel = this.nextElementSibling;\n    if (panel.style.display === \"block\") {\n      panel.style.display = \"none\";\n    } else {\n      panel.style.display = \"block\";\n    }\n  });\n}\n\u003c\/script\u003e","brand":"Destiny Formulations","offers":[{"title":"Strawberry Margarita \/ Single Tub (30 Servings)","offer_id":39685496045662,"sku":"","price":46.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Strawberry Margarita \/ DoubleTub (60 Servings)","offer_id":39685496078430,"sku":"","price":83.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Rocket Pop \/ Single Tub (30 Servings)","offer_id":39617031995486,"sku":"","price":46.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Rocket Pop \/ DoubleTub (60 Servings)","offer_id":39617032028254,"sku":"","price":83.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0016\/9882\/4286\/products\/strawberryMarg_primeX_tub00_alpha.png?v=1650937078","url":"https:\/\/destiny-formulations.myshopify.com\/products\/primex-preworkout","provider":"Destiny Formulations","version":"1.0","type":"link"}